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  <font size="+3">&#8592;</font> <a href="https://hosseinmoein.github.io/DataFrame/docs/HTML/DataFrame.html">Back to Documentations</a><BR><BR>

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      <th>Signature</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Parameters</th>
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<pre class="code_syntax" style="color:#000000;background:#ffffff00;"><span class="line_wrapper"><span style="color:#004a43; ">#</span><span style="color:#004a43; ">include </span><span style="color:#800000; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#40015a; ">DataFrame/DataFrameMLVisitors.h</span><span style="color:#800000; ">&gt;</span></span>
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<span class="line_wrapper"><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">template</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><a href="https://github.com/hosseinmoein/DataFrame/blob/master/include/DataFrame/Utils/Concepts.h#L46">arithmetic</a> T<span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">typename</span> I <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">unsigned</span> <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">long</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">struct</span>  ARIMAVisitor<span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
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<span class="line_wrapper"><span style="color:#696969; ">// -------------------------------------</span></span>
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<span class="line_wrapper"><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">template</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">typename</span> T<span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">typename</span> I <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">unsigned</span> <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">long</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">using</span> arima_v <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> ARIMAVisitor<span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span>T<span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> I<span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
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      <td>
        This is a "single action visitor", meaning it is passed the whole data vector in one call and you must use the single_act_visit() interface.<BR><BR>

        ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) forecasting is a statistical method for analyzing and predicting future trends in time-series data. It works by combining three components: an Auto-Regressive (AR) component to model the relationship between an observation and its lagged observations, an Integrated (I) component for differencing the data to make it stationary, and a Moving Average (MA) component to model the relationship between an observation and residual errors from a previous model. The process involves identifying the right model order (<I>p</I>, <I>d</I>, <I>q</I>), estimating the parameters, and checking the model's performance.<BR>

        <BR>
        This visitor has the following methods to get results:<BR>
        <I>get_result()</I>: Retruns a vector of forecasted datapoints for the next <I>periods</I> periods ahead.<BR>
        <I>get_sigma_sq()</I>: Returns the variance of the residuals.<BR>
        <I>get_phi()</I>: Returns a vector of auto-regressive coefficients.<BR>
        <I>get_theta()</I>: Returns a vector of moving average coefficients.<BR>
        <I>get_residuals()</I>: Returns a vector of residuals.<BR>
        <I>
        <PRE>
explicit
ARIMAVisitor(long periods = 3, long autoreg_order = 2, long diff = 1, long mav_order = 1);

<B>periods</B>: Number of periods ahead to forecast.
<B>autoreg_order</B>: auto-regressive order (p), Number of lagged observations (past values)
               included in the model. Determines how many previous time steps are linearly combined.
<B>diff</B>: Integration order (d), Number of times the original series is
      differenced to make it stationary. d=1 means use first differences (i.e., Yt - Yt-1₁).
<B>mav_order</B>: Moving Average order (q), Number of lagged forecast errors (residuals) used to model the noise structure.
        </PRE>
        </I>
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      <td width="15%">
        <B>T</B>: Column data type.<BR>
        <B>I</B>: Index type.<BR>
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  </table>

<pre class="code_syntax" style="color:#000000;background:#ffffff00;"><span class="line_wrapper"><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">static</span> <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">void</span> test_ARIMAVisitor<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span>  <span style="color:#800080; ">{</span></span>
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<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">cout</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#0f69ff; ">\n</span><span style="color:#0000e6; ">Testing ARIMAVisitor{ } ...</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">endl</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
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<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">vector</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">unsigned</span> <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">long</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span>  idxvec     <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> <span style="color:#800080; ">{</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">1</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">2</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">3</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">4</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">5</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">6</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">7</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">8</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">9</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">10</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">11</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">12</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">13</span> <span style="color:#800080; ">}</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">vector</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">double</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span>         col1       <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> <span style="color:#800080; ">{</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">266.0</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">145.9</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">183.1</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">119.3</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">180.3</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">168.5</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">231.8</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">224.5</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">192.8</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">122.9</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">336.5</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">185.9</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">194.3</span> <span style="color:#800080; ">}</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">vector</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">double</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span>         oscil      <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> <span style="color:#800080; ">{</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.5</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.8</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.62</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.78</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.5</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.68</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.6</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.8</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.71</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.9</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.78</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.84</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.69</span> <span style="color:#800080; ">}</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">vector</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">double</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span>         constant   <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> <span style="color:#800080; ">{</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span> <span style="color:#800080; ">}</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">vector</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">double</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span>         increasing <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> <span style="color:#800080; ">{</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.68</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.78</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.90</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">11.01</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">11.45</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">11.99</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">12.01</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">12.21</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">12.35</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">12.67</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">13.89</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">13.01</span> <span style="color:#800080; ">}</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">vector</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">double</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span>         decreasing <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> <span style="color:#800080; ">{</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.56</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.30</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.12</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">10.01</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">9.80</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">9.74</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">9.41</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">9.03</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">9.0</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">8.20</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">8.01</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">7.9</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">7.55</span> <span style="color:#800080; ">}</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    MyDataFrame                 df<span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
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<span class="line_wrapper">    df<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>load_data<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">move</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>idxvec<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">                 <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span>make_pair<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#0000e6; ">col1</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> col1<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">                 <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span>make_pair<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#0000e6; ">oscil</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> oscil<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">                 <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span>make_pair<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#0000e6; ">constant</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> constant<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">                 <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span>make_pair<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#0000e6; ">increasing</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> increasing<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">                 <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span>make_pair<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#0000e6; ">decreasing</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> decreasing<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
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<span class="line_wrapper">    ARIMAVisitor<span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">double</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span>   ari<span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
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<span class="line_wrapper">    df<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>single_act_visit<span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">double</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#0000e6; ">col1</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> ari<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
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<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">const</span> <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">auto</span>  result1 <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> ari<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>get_result<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result1<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>size<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span><span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">3</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result1<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">0</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">247.175</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result1<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">1</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">197.294</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result1<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">2</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">220.021</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    df<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>single_act_visit<span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">double</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#0000e6; ">oscil</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> ari<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">const</span> <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">auto</span>  result2 <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> ari<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>get_result<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result2<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>size<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span><span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">3</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result2<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">0</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.77088</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.00001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result2<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">1</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.67015</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.00001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result2<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">2</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">1.74417</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.00001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">try</span>  <span style="color:#800080; ">{</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">        df<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>single_act_visit<span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">double</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#0000e6; ">constant</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> ari<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#800080; ">}</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">catch</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">const</span> NotFeasible <span style="color:#808030; ">&amp;</span>ex<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span>  <span style="color:#800080; ">{</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">        <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">cout</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> ex<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>what<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">endl</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#800080; ">}</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    df<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>single_act_visit<span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">double</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#0000e6; ">increasing</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> ari<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">const</span> <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">auto</span>  result3 <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> ari<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>get_result<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result3<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>size<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span><span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">3</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result3<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">0</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">14.3335</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.0001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result3<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">1</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">13.09</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.0001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result3<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">2</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">14.6469</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.0001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    df<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>single_act_visit<span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">double</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#0000e6; ">decreasing</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> ari<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">const</span> <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">auto</span>  result4 <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> ari<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>get_result<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result4<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>size<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span><span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">3</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result4<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">0</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">7.42058</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.00001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result4<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">1</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">7.21897</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.00001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result4<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">2</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">7.11158</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.00001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#696969; ">// Now some real data</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#696969; ">//</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    StrDataFrame    df2<span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">try</span>  <span style="color:#800080; ">{</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">        df2<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span><span style="color:#603000; ">read</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#0000e6; ">IBM.csv</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> io_format<span style="color:#800080; ">::</span>csv2<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#800080; ">}</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">catch</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">const</span> DataFrameError <span style="color:#808030; ">&amp;</span>ex<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span>  <span style="color:#800080; ">{</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">        <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">cout</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> ex<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>what<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">endl</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">        <span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">exit</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#808030; ">-</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">1</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#800080; ">}</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    ARIMAVisitor<span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">double</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span>   ari2 <span style="color:#800080; ">{</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">4</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">3</span> <span style="color:#800080; ">}</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    df2<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>single_act_visit<span style="color:#800080; ">&lt;</span><span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">double</span><span style="color:#800080; ">&gt;</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#0000e6; ">IBM_Close</span><span style="color:#800000; ">"</span><span style="color:#808030; ">,</span> ari2<span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">const</span> <span style="color:#800000; font-weight:bold; ">auto</span>  result5 <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> ari2<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>get_result<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result5<span style="color:#808030; ">.</span>size<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">=</span><span style="color:#808030; ">=</span> <span style="color:#008c00; ">4</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result5<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">0</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">111.658</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result5<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">1</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">111.669</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result5<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">2</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">111.649</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper">    assert<span style="color:#808030; ">(</span><span style="color:#666616; ">std</span><span style="color:#800080; ">::</span><span style="color:#603000; ">fabs</span><span style="color:#808030; ">(</span>result5<span style="color:#808030; ">[</span><span style="color:#008c00; ">3</span><span style="color:#808030; ">]</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">-</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">111.649</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span> <span style="color:#808030; ">&lt;</span> <span style="color:#008000; ">0.001</span><span style="color:#808030; ">)</span><span style="color:#800080; ">;</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"><span style="color:#800080; ">}</span></span>
<span class="line_wrapper"></span></pre>

  <BR><img src="https://github.com/hosseinmoein/DataFrame/blob/master/docs/LionLookingUp.jpg?raw=true" alt="C++ DataFrame"
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